Traditional hydrogen production methods often rely on fossil fuels, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. Conventional solar technologies may not efficiently produce hydrogen, especially in low-light conditions, and often require significant space, limiting their applicability in urban environments. There is a pressing need for a compact, efficient, and environmentally friendly hydrogen production system suitable for integration into existing infrastructures.

The standalone solar panel system addresses these issues by combining PEC and DSC technologies to facilitate efficient hydrogen production through water splitting. The use of a nanostructured bimetallic photocatalyst enhances the system's efficiency, while its design allows for integration into building facades, optimising space utilisation. Operating effectively in diffused light, the system ensures consistent hydrogen production, contributing to a sustainable and clean energy supply.

The system's innovation lies in its integration of PEC and DSC technologies with a nanostructured bimetallic photocatalyst, resulting in enhanced hydrogen production efficiency. Its design facilitates seamless integration into building structures, transforming them into energy-generating surfaces. This approach not only optimises space but also promotes the adoption of renewable energy sources in urban settings, contributing to a reduction in carbon emissions and reliance on fossil fuels.